We present a unified formulation and model for three motion and 3D perception tasks: optical flow, rectified stereo matching and unrectified stereo depth estimation from posed images. Unlike previous specialized architectures for each specific task, we formulate all three tasks as a unified dense correspondence matching problem, which can be solved with a single model by directly comparing feature similarities. Such a formulation calls for discriminative feature representations, which we achieve using a Transformer, in particular the cross-attention mechanism. We demonstrate that cross-attention enables integration of knowledge from another image via cross-view interactions, which greatly improves the quality of the extracted features. Our unified model naturally enables cross-task transfer since the model architecture and parameters are shared across tasks. We outperform RAFT with our unified model on the challenging Sintel dataset, and our final model that uses a few additional task-specific refinement steps outperforms or compares favorably to recent state-of-the-art methods on 10 popular flow, stereo and depth datasets, while being simpler and more efficient in terms of model design and inference speed.
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基于学习的光流量估计已经与成本量的管道管道,具有用于流回归的卷曲,其固有地限于本地相关性,因此很难解决大型位移的长期挑战。为了缓解这一点,通过大量迭代细化产生一系列流动更新,实现最先进的方法,即筏,逐渐提高其预测的质量,实现了显着的性能,但减慢推理速度。为了实现高精度和效率的光学流量估计,我们通过将光学流作为全球匹配问题重新重新重新重新匹配,完全改造主导流回归管道。具体而言,我们提出了一个GMFlow框架,它由三个主要组件组成:用于功能增强的自定义变压器,全局特征匹配的相关和软邮件,以及用于流传播的自我注意层。此外,我们进一步介绍了一种改进步骤,该步骤在较高分辨率下重复使用GMFlow以进行残余流量预测。我们的新框架优于32次迭代RAFT在挑战的Sintel基准测试中的性能,同时仅使用一个细化并更快地运行,为高效和准确的光学流量估算提供了新的可能性。代码将在https://github.com/haofeixu/gmflow上使用。
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ProtoPNet and its follow-up variants (ProtoPNets) have attracted broad research interest for their intrinsic interpretability from prototypes and comparable accuracy to non-interpretable counterparts. However, it has been recently found that the interpretability of prototypes can be corrupted due to the semantic gap between similarity in latent space and that in input space. In this work, we make the first attempt to quantitatively evaluate the interpretability of prototype-based explanations, rather than solely qualitative evaluations by some visualization examples, which can be easily misled by cherry picks. To this end, we propose two evaluation metrics, termed consistency score and stability score, to evaluate the explanation consistency cross images and the explanation robustness against perturbations, both of which are essential for explanations taken into practice. Furthermore, we propose a shallow-deep feature alignment (SDFA) module and a score aggregation (SA) module to improve the interpretability of prototypes. We conduct systematical evaluation experiments and substantial discussions to uncover the interpretability of existing ProtoPNets. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves significantly superior performance to the state-of-the-arts, under both the conventional qualitative evaluations and the proposed quantitative evaluations, in both accuracy and interpretability. Codes are available at https://github.com/hqhQAQ/EvalProtoPNet.
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神经网络(NNS)和决策树(DTS)都是机器学习的流行模型,但具有相互排斥的优势和局限性。为了带来两个世界中的最好,提出了各种方法来明确或隐式地集成NN和DTS。在这项调查中,这些方法是在我们称为神经树(NTS)的学校中组织的。这项调查旨在对NTS进行全面审查,并尝试确定它们如何增强模型的解释性。我们首先提出了NTS的彻底分类学,该分类法表达了NNS和DTS的逐步整合和共同进化。之后,我们根据NTS的解释性和绩效分析,并建议解决其余挑战的可能解决方案。最后,这项调查以讨论有条件计算和向该领域的有希望的方向进行讨论结束。该调查中审查的论文列表及其相应的代码可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/zju-vipa/awesome-neural-trees
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原型零件网络(Protopnet)引起了广泛的关注,并增加了许多随访研究,因为它的自我解释特性可解释人工智能(XAI)。但是,当直接在视觉变压器(VIT)骨架上应用原始网络时,学到的原型存在“分心”问题:它们具有相对较高的可能性,即被背景激活,并且对前景的关注较少。建模长期依赖性的强大能力使得基于变压器的Protopnet难以专注于原型部分,从而严重损害了其固有的解释性。本文提出了原型零件变压器(ProtoPformer),以适当有效地应用基于原型的方法,并使用VIT进行可解释的图像识别。提出的方法介绍了根据VIT的建筑特征捕获和突出目标的代表性整体和部分特征的全局和局部原型。采用了全球原型,以提供对象的全球视图,以指导本地原型集中在前景上,同时消除背景的影响。之后,明确监督局部原型,以专注于它们各自的原型视觉部分,从而提高整体可解释性。广泛的实验表明,我们提出的全球和本地原型可以相互纠正并共同做出最终决策,这些决策分别忠实,透明地从整体和地方的角度缔合过程。此外,ProtoPformer始终取得优于基于原型的原型基线(SOTA)的卓越性能和可视化结果。我们的代码已在https://github.com/zju-vipa/protopformer上发布。
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无数据知识蒸馏(DFKD)最近一直吸引了研究社区的越来越关注,归因于其仅使用合成数据压缩模型的能力。尽管取得了令人鼓舞的成果,但最先进的DFKD方法仍然患有数据综合的低效率,使得无数据培训过程非常耗时,因此可以对大规模任务进行不适当的。在这项工作中,我们介绍了一个被称为FastDFKD的有效方案,使我们能够将DFKD加速到数量级。在我们的方法中,我们的方法是一种重用培训数据中共享共同功能的新策略,以便综合不同的数据实例。与先前的方法独立优化一组数据,我们建议学习一个Meta合成器,该综合仪寻求常见功能作为快速数据合成的初始化。因此,FastDFKD仅在几个步骤内实现数据综合,显着提高了无数据培训的效率。在CiFAR,NYUV2和Imagenet上的实验表明,所提出的FastDFKD实现了10美元\时代$甚至100美元\倍$加速,同时保持与现有技术的表现。
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最近,视觉变形金刚(VITS)正在快速发展,并开始挑战计算机视觉(CV)领域的卷积神经网络(CNNS)的统治。利用用于更换卷积的硬编码的感应偏差的通用变压器架构,VITS已经超过了CNN,尤其是数据充足的情况。然而,VITS容易超过小型数据集,因此依靠大规模的预训练,这花费了巨大的时间。在本文中,我们努力通过引入CNNS的归纳偏见来解放VITS,通过返回vits,同时保留其网络架构以获得更高的上限并设置更合适的优化目标。首先,代理CNN基于具有感应偏差的给定韦尔设计。然后提出了一种自举训练算法,共同优化了重量共享的药剂和vit,在此期间,VIT学习来自代理的中间特征的诱导偏差。具有有限培训数据的CiFar-10/100和Imagenet-1k上的广泛实验表明,令人鼓舞的结果,感应偏差有助于VITS更快地收敛,甚至更少的参数。
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对象检测是计算机视觉和图像处理中的基本任务。基于深度学习的对象探测器非常成功,具有丰富的标记数据。但在现实生活中,它不保证每个对象类别都有足够的标记样本进行培训。当训练数据有限时,这些大型物体探测器易于过度装备。因此,有必要将几次拍摄的学习和零射击学习引入对象检测,这可以将低镜头对象检测命名在一起。低曝光对象检测(LSOD)旨在检测来自少数甚至零标记数据的对象,其分别可以分为几次对象检测(FSOD)和零拍摄对象检测(ZSD)。本文对基于深度学习的FSOD和ZSD进行了全面的调查。首先,本调查将FSOD和ZSD的方法分类为不同的类别,并讨论了它们的利弊。其次,本调查审查了数据集设置和FSOD和ZSD的评估指标,然后分析了在这些基准上的不同方法的性能。最后,本调查讨论了FSOD和ZSD的未来挑战和有希望的方向。
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作为对话系统的基本组成部分,响应选择旨在挑选候选人之间的最佳反应,以继续对话。在现有研究中,这项任务通常被视为二进制分类问题,其中每个候选人分别排名以获取适当性。为了提高其性能,我们将此任务重构为一个多项选择问题,允许在一次性推断中进行最佳选择。这个新的视图激励我们提出一个名为全景 - 编码器的架构(我们的工作将是再现性和未来研究的开放来源。)具有新的候选人注意机制(CAM),这允许在响应之间进行情境方面的关注并导致良好-Gremator比较。此外,我们研究并纳入了一些已被证明有效改善响应选择的技术。三个基准测试的实验表明,我们的方法推动了最先进的,同时实现了大约3x的推理速度。
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Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.
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